Go Back   Marijuana.com > Home > Medicinal Marijuana
Register FAQ Gaming Financials Radio Stations VB Image Host Search Today's Posts Mark Forums Read

Reply
 
LinkBack Thread Tools Display Modes
Old 10-21-2007, 12:31 PM   #11
Stonedmason
New Member
 

Join Date: Sep 2007
Posts: 70
Diggs: 0
Grams: 1,355.01
Groans: 2
Groaned at 3 Times in 3 Posts
Stonedmason can see the Karmic Tunnel of Life
Thanks: 2
Thanked 8 Times in 6 Posts

Stock Portfolio
Total Value: 0.000
Gain/Loss: 0.000%
Default

Your higher brain functions override everything else.

A panic attack is simply your higher brain functions listening to the baser ones. A panic attack is illusionary.

I've been diagnosed with Generalised Anxiety Disorder, I am prescribed Xanax for that in addition to my anti-depressant (an SSRI).

The head rush you feel when you start to "panic" is simply your brain being flooded by adrenaline, the natural chemical for "fight or flight" thinking. It is meant to quicken your senses so you can come to decisions faster and thus in an evolutionary sense survive.

You feel like you're choking because your muscles are tightening (but there is no risk of actually choking).
You feel like you're going to die because you think you are going to die.
Your chest hurts because your chest muscles are tightening in response to the adrenaline.
Your heart is beating faster because it wants to provide more blood to your muscles so you can "escape" whatever it is you are making your mind/body believe is scaring you.
You feel light-headed and wanting to fainti because their is more blood being diverted from your brain to your muscles, again to assist you in "fight or flight".

People are afraid during panic attacks that "they are going to lose their mind" or "lose control" etc etc. This is false.

I've had the worst experiences of my life in panic attacks over the course of months. I'm completely healed now.

You use "coping strategies" such as the breathing. And cognitive therapy, which is training your brain to think differently. Our brains have more power than you think. Just realise, and this is honest, no matter how badly you feel the panic attack is hurting you, it is all simply chemicals, there is no harm being done to you. Knowledge is power, and that knowledge alone has completely healed me. I can get as high as I want, I even "trip out" now. If you simply allow yourself to go with the high, and stop worrying about "losing control" or being afraid of the overwhelming euphoria, Jesus you can have such a good time! No reason to panic.

Another good thing is learn to like to be the centre of attention. I go out in public when I'm high, it's just what I do. I watch people, they are extremely fucking funny. And I used to be so afraid people would know I'm high, it would trigger panic. If you want people to know you are high it's much more fun. You can start letting the tics kick in or whatever...

...enough rambling, lol
Stonedmason is offline Award Stonedmason Grams  
Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Reply With Quote
The Following 3 Users Say Thank You to Stonedmason For This Useful Post:
dedbr (10-22-2007), SheSmokes (04-10-2008), vern (10-22-2007)
The Following User Says NO Thank You to Stonedmason For This Un-useful Post:
Alsenmo (10-22-2007)
Marijuana.com Sponsor
Advertisement
 
Old 10-22-2007, 12:52 AM   #12
Alsenmo
New Member
 

Join Date: Oct 2007
Posts: 14
Diggs: 0
Grams: 835.65
Groans: 2
Groaned at 1 Time in 1 Post
Alsenmo has begun their Karma Journey
Thanks: 1
Thanked 1 Time in 1 Post

Stock Portfolio
Total Value: 0.000
Gain/Loss: 0.000%
Default

I have to say, my conclusion is that there is no solution. Cannabis induces panic attacks, end of discussion.

ScienceDirect - Neuropharmacology : Cannabinoids modulate neuronal firing in the rat basolateral amygdala: evidence for CB1- and non-CB1-mediated actions

Distribution of CB1 Cannabinoid Receptors in the Amygdala and their Role in the Control of GABAergic Transmission -- Katona et al. 21 (23): 9506 -- Journal of Neuroscience

Neurobiology of marijuana abuse. [Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1992] - PubMed Result
Alsenmo is offline Award Alsenmo Grams  
Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Reply With Quote
Old 10-22-2007, 01:01 AM   #13
vern
Sr. Member
 
vern's Avatar
 

Join Date: Dec 2006
Posts: 2,525
Diggs: 0
Grams: 10,566.23
Groans: 6
Groaned at 8 Times in 6 Posts
vern Is causing the planet reputationexus to become overpopulatedvern Is causing the planet reputationexus to become overpopulatedvern Is causing the planet reputationexus to become overpopulatedvern Is causing the planet reputationexus to become overpopulatedvern Is causing the planet reputationexus to become overpopulatedvern Is causing the planet reputationexus to become overpopulatedvern Is causing the planet reputationexus to become overpopulatedvern Is causing the planet reputationexus to become overpopulatedvern Is causing the planet reputationexus to become overpopulatedvern Is causing the planet reputationexus to become overpopulatedvern Is causing the planet reputationexus to become overpopulated
Thanks: 498
Thanked 630 Times in 349 Posts

Stock Portfolio
Total Value: 0.000
Gain/Loss: 0.000%
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Alsenmo View Post
I have to say, my conclusion is that there is no solution. Cannabis induces panic attacks, end of discussion.
It CAN induce panic attacks, it by no means happens every time. With that attitude, I wouldn't be surprised if it did happen every time. If you think you're going to have a panic attack, you will. You mind is very powerful. Read up on SET and SETTING. It plays a key role in every drug trip, weed and off-topics alike. If you are not comfortable with your physical environment as well as your state of mind, a bad trip is waiting to happen.

Don't smoke so much. Be comfortable, be relaxed and have your mind relaxed. Weed isn't for everyone, some people can't seem to avoid these panic attacks. It has to do with their mind, cause it isn't the weed.
vern is offline Award vern Grams  
Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Reply With Quote
Old 10-22-2007, 01:03 AM   #14
Alsenmo
New Member
 

Join Date: Oct 2007
Posts: 14
Diggs: 0
Grams: 835.65
Groans: 2
Groaned at 1 Time in 1 Post
Alsenmo has begun their Karma Journey
Thanks: 1
Thanked 1 Time in 1 Post

Stock Portfolio
Total Value: 0.000
Gain/Loss: 0.000%
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by vern View Post
It CAN induce panic attacks, it by no means happens every time. With that attitude, I wouldn't be surprised if it did happen every time. If you think you're going to have a panic attack, you will. You mind is very powerful. Read up on SET and SETTING. It plays a key role in every drug trip, weed and off-topics alike. If you are not comfortable with your physical environment as well as your state of mind, a bad trip is waiting to happen.

Don't smoke so much. Be comfortable, be relaxed and have your mind relaxed. Weed isn't for everyone, some people can't seem to avoid these panic attacks. It has to do with their mind, cause it isn't the weed.
No, it doesnt induce panic attacks every time.
Alcohol NEVER provokes a panic attack, and by no mechanism induces one, unlike Cannabinoids, that actually have a mechanism, which is to stimulate neuronal firing in the amygdala and modulate excitatory synaptic transmission - and the amygdala is the brain part that controls panic.

Quote:
Weed isn't for everyone, some people can't seem to avoid these panic attacks. It has to do with their mind, cause it isn't the weed.
WRONG - it IS the weed. See the links I posted in my previous post. Cannabis can directly induce a panic disorder, lasting for years.

Last edited by Alsenmo : 10-22-2007 at 01:09 AM.
Alsenmo is offline Award Alsenmo Grams  
Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Reply With Quote
Old 10-22-2007, 09:12 AM   #15
JoeCamo
New Member
 

Join Date: Oct 2007
Posts: 4
Diggs: 0
Grams: 604.60
Groans: 1
Groaned at 1 Time in 1 Post
JoeCamo has begun their Karma Journey
Thanks: 0
Thanked 1 Time in 1 Post

Stock Portfolio
Total Value: 0.000
Gain/Loss: 0.000%
Default My First Panic Attack

Alright Alsenmo, I'm just throwing this out there but I guarantee all those sites are funded by the government, and they will say anything to make pot sound like its the worst drug ever when it is the most harmless. Even if the FDA reports there has not been a single death from Marijuana overdose.

I did suffer from a panic attack last year after smoking marijuana, and I was a chronic smoker (no pun intended) for 3 months with no problems until that day.

I'll describe the scenario: me and my friend go out to my car to hotbox it then we are headed to a dining center to pick up some food. I get to a stop sign and my depth perception is way off, I can't tell how far away cars are, my friend asks me if I'm ok, then while my muscles in my back and neck start to tense up I start to drive out then pull over about 10 seconds later and tell him that no I wasn't fine, he needed to drive. I get out of the car, felt like I was sinking into the ground, got in the passenger seat, then proceeded to trip balls. At first I blacked out, then everything went white, and i could see one little spec of a picture (my vision) on the white, those specs would build up more and more to the point I could see a picture, everything would go white then it would repeat. Sometimes slowly, then violently fast. For some reason I thought I was having a seizure then started making seizure like symptoms. During this period of time, my friend (who was baked) went back to my place got my roommate (who was sober) to take me to the hospital. He's a smart guy and from the way I was acting he thought I was having a Grand Mal Seizure, then called the hospital and proceeded to haul ass down the public roads to the hospital. I get there, he says we're there, then everything is fine, I get up, i sit in the wheelchair, then again start to "trip balls," when everything went white I thought I disproved god through base 2, then when a picture started to come back I thought I proved god existed. Then as I lay on the hospital bed things started to change, this time I thought i was in another world. I looked out the door of the hospital room, it looked nice I wanted to go outside. I sit up pull off all my heart monitors, then try to go outside, the doctors proceed to freak out and put me back on the bed (bastards it looked nice outside >.<). The final trip that I had is that I thought I was stuck in an eternity because I was the greater being, and that time was a variable of an eternity, the eternity would be over then time would start again really fast, then it would slow down more and more until time was back to normal. I passed out then and woke up in the hospital bed.

A couple days after that I thought I was going to have another seizure because I felt the same way I did before I started to trip out, my neck would tense up, heart rate go up, ect. I called the ambulance, they came, picked me up, took me to the hospital, I was talking to the EMT and told him what happened then he summed it up and said "so you were smoking a little pot then ended up in the hospital, I really don't think it was the pot," again one of the Neurologists I met with said the same exact thing when I was having an EEG. But the Neurologist that I met with at the end said that it was the pot. I believe everyone is different and if you are prone to panic attacks it will happen, some people can smoke pot almost every day of their life and never have one, for example Tommy Chong. Doctors have differing views on the situation, from what I've seen, and their is no reason to believe anything you read from some study that has been done.

After the scenario, I was having panic attacks several times a day and was prescribed Ativan (anti-anxiety/seizure medication). Then after talking to my mom (who had panic attacks when she was my age) and a lot of reassurance from myself I got over my panic attacks in about 3 months. Telling myself things like "this is stupid, nothing is going to happen, nothing ever has, even when I was in the hospital I didn't die". Also when I heard about the adrenaline being a factor in panic attacks sometimes I would just get pissed, yell an obscenity, then run or move faster than normal to try to burn off the adrenaline coursing through my body, sometimes it worked sometimes it didn't, but really its mind over matter in the case of panic attacks.

All in all everyone is different and there is no way to do a study on what affects people's bodies, again for example every single person in my family smokes cigarettes or smoked cigarettes for a long period of their life, and do not have cancer, haven't had any signs of cancer, and live/lived for a very long time.

Now I have smoked pot once after this event, and basically my high was having a panic attack the whole time, but its just because it was associated with when I had my first panic attack. During my first panic attack I didn't know what was going on, and let the fear overwhelm me to the point of hallucination. But when I smoked I knew what was going on, I knew I was having a panic attack. The panic went away after reassurance from myself and friends that I would be fine, but I never got to enjoy the peak of the high. I don't know if I'll ever do it again but I do know that I would be able to get over the panic attacks fully if I trained myself to get over them.

Yes, this was a long post, I hope it was helpful to those who have ever had a panic attack and was at least entertaining to those who never have experienced a panic attack (every time I tell this story about the hallucinations to my friends they have a mixed reaction of "holy crap" and laughing).
JoeCamo is offline Award JoeCamo Grams  
Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Reply With Quote
The Following User Says Thank You to JoeCamo For This Useful Post:
SheSmokes (04-10-2008)
The Following User Says NO Thank You to JoeCamo For This Un-useful Post:
Alsenmo (10-22-2007)
Marijuana.com Sponsor
Advertisement
 
Old 10-22-2007, 01:46 PM   #16
Alsenmo
New Member
 

Join Date: Oct 2007
Posts: 14
Diggs: 0
Grams: 835.65
Groans: 2
Groaned at 1 Time in 1 Post
Alsenmo has begun their Karma Journey
Thanks: 1
Thanked 1 Time in 1 Post

Stock Portfolio
Total Value: 0.000
Gain/Loss: 0.000%
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by JoeCamo View Post
Alright Alsenmo, I'm just throwing this out there but I guarantee all those sites are funded by the government, and they will say anything to make pot sound like its the worst drug ever when it is the most harmless. Even if the FDA reports there has not been a single death from Marijuana overdose.

I did suffer from a panic attack last year after smoking marijuana, and I was a chronic smoker (no pun intended) for 3 months with no problems until that day.

I'll describe the scenario: me and my friend go out to my car to hotbox it then we are headed to a dining center to pick up some food. I get to a stop sign and my depth perception is way off, I can't tell how far away cars are, my friend asks me if I'm ok, then while my muscles in my back and neck start to tense up I start to drive out then pull over about 10 seconds later and tell him that no I wasn't fine, he needed to drive. I get out of the car, felt like I was sinking into the ground, got in the passenger seat, then proceeded to trip balls. At first I blacked out, then everything went white, and i could see one little spec of a picture (my vision) on the white, those specs would build up more and more to the point I could see a picture, everything would go white then it would repeat. Sometimes slowly, then violently fast. For some reason I thought I was having a seizure then started making seizure like symptoms. During this period of time, my friend (who was baked) went back to my place got my roommate (who was sober) to take me to the hospital. He's a smart guy and from the way I was acting he thought I was having a Grand Mal Seizure, then called the hospital and proceeded to haul ass down the public roads to the hospital. I get there, he says we're there, then everything is fine, I get up, i sit in the wheelchair, then again start to "trip balls," when everything went white I thought I disproved god through base 2, then when a picture started to come back I thought I proved god existed. Then as I lay on the hospital bed things started to change, this time I thought i was in another world. I looked out the door of the hospital room, it looked nice I wanted to go outside. I sit up pull off all my heart monitors, then try to go outside, the doctors proceed to freak out and put me back on the bed (bastards it looked nice outside >.<). The final trip that I had is that I thought I was stuck in an eternity because I was the greater being, and that time was a variable of an eternity, the eternity would be over then time would start again really fast, then it would slow down more and more until time was back to normal. I passed out then and woke up in the hospital bed.

A couple days after that I thought I was going to have another seizure because I felt the same way I did before I started to trip out, my neck would tense up, heart rate go up, ect. I called the ambulance, they came, picked me up, took me to the hospital, I was talking to the EMT and told him what happened then he summed it up and said "so you were smoking a little pot then ended up in the hospital, I really don't think it was the pot," again one of the Neurologists I met with said the same exact thing when I was having an EEG. But the Neurologist that I met with at the end said that it was the pot. I believe everyone is different and if you are prone to panic attacks it will happen, some people can smoke pot almost every day of their life and never have one, for example Tommy Chong. Doctors have differing views on the situation, from what I've seen, and their is no reason to believe anything you read from some study that has been done.

After the scenario, I was having panic attacks several times a day and was prescribed Ativan (anti-anxiety/seizure medication). Then after talking to my mom (who had panic attacks when she was my age) and a lot of reassurance from myself I got over my panic attacks in about 3 months. Telling myself things like "this is stupid, nothing is going to happen, nothing ever has, even when I was in the hospital I didn't die". Also when I heard about the adrenaline being a factor in panic attacks sometimes I would just get pissed, yell an obscenity, then run or move faster than normal to try to burn off the adrenaline coursing through my body, sometimes it worked sometimes it didn't, but really its mind over matter in the case of panic attacks.

All in all everyone is different and there is no way to do a study on what affects people's bodies, again for example every single person in my family smokes cigarettes or smoked cigarettes for a long period of their life, and do not have cancer, haven't had any signs of cancer, and live/lived for a very long time.

Now I have smoked pot once after this event, and basically my high was having a panic attack the whole time, but its just because it was associated with when I had my first panic attack. During my first panic attack I didn't know what was going on, and let the fear overwhelm me to the point of hallucination. But when I smoked I knew what was going on, I knew I was having a panic attack. The panic went away after reassurance from myself and friends that I would be fine, but I never got to enjoy the peak of the high. I don't know if I'll ever do it again but I do know that I would be able to get over the panic attacks fully if I trained myself to get over them.

Yes, this was a long post, I hope it was helpful to those who have ever had a panic attack and was at least entertaining to those who never have experienced a panic attack (every time I tell this story about the hallucinations to my friends they have a mixed reaction of "holy crap" and laughing).

You're just the proof of concept. Cannabis can induce a panic disorder. And have you even looked at the studies, to see who funded them? And have you looked at the actual evidence? Government conspiracy theories wont disprove serious studies, that present causal evidence that cannabinoids change the way the amygdala handles panic.

You're a perfect example of the negative effects of cannabis, yet you say that we should basically discount all studies that say anything bad about cannabis. You're a joke.

[mod note - calling someone a joke is considered flaming, please review the posting guidelines.]

Last edited by vern : 10-23-2007 at 12:59 PM.
Alsenmo is offline Award Alsenmo Grams  
Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Reply With Quote
The Following User Says NO Thank You to Alsenmo For This Un-useful Post:
JoeCamo (10-23-2007)
Old 10-22-2007, 02:13 PM   #17
dedbr
Domestic War Vet News Adm
 
dedbr's Avatar
 

Join Date: Mar 2001
Posts: 6,676
Diggs: 0
Grams: 46,325.20
Groans: 11
Groaned at 19 Times in 12 Posts
dedbr has entirely too much reputationdedbr has entirely too much reputationdedbr has entirely too much reputationdedbr has entirely too much reputationdedbr has entirely too much reputationdedbr has entirely too much reputationdedbr has entirely too much reputationdedbr has entirely too much reputationdedbr has entirely too much reputationdedbr has entirely too much reputationdedbr has entirely too much reputation
Thanks: 2,195
Thanked 2,000 Times in 860 Posts

Stock Portfolio
Total Value: 0.000
Gain/Loss: 0.000%
Cool

I am going to attempt to help you Anselmo, if that's what you want.....if not....

I have panic attacks. I have learned to control the feelings by just standing still and looking into the void. Ignore it as best you can, but do not move. Let your mind float away from your body until you can look back on it and see that the fear is gone.....

I was on several different medications and nothing has worked better for me that an awareness of my center. Sometimes I feel like I am two minds struggling with each other for a balaance. Sometimes the rational wins, such as REALIZING THAT THIS SO CALLED "PANIC ATTACK" IS NOTHING MORE THAN AN ILLUSION BROUGHT ABOUT BY MY OWN MIND....

Where is the panic attack? IN your own mind? Do you control your mind, or does the mind control the mind?

Does smoking herb trigger panic attacks? I think that happens a lot less than we realize. A first time smoker without a great grounding in self, of course they would be prone to an attack just like that first astronaut that stepped on the moon. Anything new is going to affect us that way......

There are some that have fallen so far into this make believe land that it is more real than reality so it becomes their reality. There is help for these poor souls, but in most cases the true person is lost in hysterical fantasys.......

PM me if I can help in any way. I have a whole storehouse of info relating to my personal experiences with this very subject........


Some Where In Ded Land..............
__________________
"Underneath this mask is more than flesh, underneath this mask is an idea, Mr Creeley, and idea's are bulletproof!" V For Vendetta

I passed my drug test.....with a sixty five.....
New to our home? A lot of questions can be answered with our Posting Guidelines ........ http://www.marijuana.com/introductio...uidelines.html
What's a gram? Read our Gram Guidelines and find out...........http://www.marijuana.com/add-article/77170-marijuana-grams-system.html
dedbr is offline Award dedbr Grams  
Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Reply With Quote
The Following 3 Users Say Thank You to dedbr For This Useful Post:
Alsenmo (10-22-2007), Lit_Match (10-23-2007), Vicki (10-22-2007)
Old 10-22-2007, 02:23 PM   #18
Alsenmo
New Member
 

Join Date: Oct 2007
Posts: 14
Diggs: 0
Grams: 835.65
Groans: 2
Groaned at 1 Time in 1 Post
Alsenmo has begun their Karma Journey
Thanks: 1
Thanked 1 Time in 1 Post

Stock Portfolio
Total Value: 0.000
Gain/Loss: 0.000%
Default

Thanks for the advice. Yes I do want advice, but I dont need people denying that Cannabis can induce panic attacks.

I am not exactly a new smoker, I've been smoking for years, which is why it was so surprising that it came back. I was panic free, then it came back.

What I need is exactly ways to focus and try to avoid the evil thought spiral towards a panic attack. I'll try what you said probably tonight if I get a panic attack again.
Alsenmo is offline Award Alsenmo Grams  
Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Reply With Quote
The Following User Says Thank You to Alsenmo For This Useful Post:
dedbr (10-22-2007)
Old 10-22-2007, 02:33 PM   #19
dedbr
Domestic War Vet News Adm
 
dedbr's Avatar
 

Join Date: Mar 2001
Posts: 6,676
Diggs: 0
Grams: 46,325.20
Groans: 11
Groaned at 19 Times in 12 Posts
dedbr has entirely too much reputationdedbr has entirely too much reputationdedbr has entirely too much reputationdedbr has entirely too much reputationdedbr has entirely too much reputationdedbr has entirely too much reputationdedbr has entirely too much reputationdedbr has entirely too much reputationdedbr has entirely too much reputationdedbr has entirely too much reputationdedbr has entirely too much reputation
Thanks: 2,195
Thanked 2,000 Times in 860 Posts

Stock Portfolio
Total Value: 0.000
Gain/Loss: 0.000%
Cool

You must learn to control the part of your mind you think you have no control over. Please, stop me if I am going over your head and I will try to simplify as best I can.....

Even though I don't want to admit it, I have been severly addicted to substances. Cigarrettes, pills of all kinds, mostly prescription and of course coffee. I reached a point in my life where I refused to be a slave to a drug that was useless in reality. I began the withdrawal process and began having panic attacks, some quite severe. I sought medical help, but the answer was of course "I don't know. Try these xanax."

I was able though to place myself in a spot as an outside observer, and I studied myself as a subject.

When I looked back, the attack was gone and so was the reason for it. It didn't exist. Only in my mind......


Some Where In Ded Land...........
dedbr is offline Award dedbr Grams  
Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Reply With Quote
Old 10-22-2007, 09:50 PM   #20
O High O
36963636
 
O High O's Avatar
 

Join Date: Oct 2007
Posts: 322
Diggs: 0
Grams: 719.30
Groans: 12
Groaned at 0 Times in 0 Posts
O High O has a reputation beyond reputeO High O has a reputation beyond reputeO High O has a reputation beyond reputeO High O has a reputation beyond reputeO High O has a reputation beyond reputeO High O has a reputation beyond repute
Thanks: 120
Thanked 72 Times in 54 Posts

Stock Portfolio
Total Value: 0.000
Gain/Loss: 0.000%
Default

Mind over matter works for me. . . or just smoke less or smoke slower.
O High O is offline Award O High O Grams  
Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Reply With Quote
Marijuana.com Sponsor
Advertisement
 
Reply



Currently Active Users Viewing This Thread: 1 (0 members and 1 guests)
 
Thread Tools
Display Modes

Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

vB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is On
HTML code is Off
Trackbacks are On
Pingbacks are On
Refbacks are On

New To Site? Need Help?

All times are GMT. The time now is 09:47 AM.


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53